See specula on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "specula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English plurals in -a with singular in -um",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "speculum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of speculum"
],
"id": "en-specula-en-noun-~C7gsaCl",
"links": [
[
"speculum",
"speculum#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ɛkjʊlə"
}
],
"word": "specula"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "specula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 11 2 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 6 1 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "speculare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of speculare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-specula-it-verb-zRw5tU~F",
"links": [
[
"speculare",
"speculare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "speculare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of speculare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-specula-it-verb-slY7GGFP",
"links": [
[
"speculare",
"speculare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "specula"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":from",
"3": "itc-ola:speciō",
"id": "watchtower",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *speḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *spéḱyeti\nProto-Italic *spekjō\nOld Latin speciō\nLatin specula\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*spekjō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"speciō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"specula\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"watchtower\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"specula\" id=\"Latin:_watchtower\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-ola:speciō",
"3": "-ulus<alt:-ula><pos:diminutive suffix>"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin speciō + -ula (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ula<id:instrument><pos:instrument suffix>"
},
"expansion": "-ula (instrument suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *speḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *spéḱyeti\nProto-Italic *spekjō\nOld Latin speciō\nLatin specula\nFrom Old Latin speciō + -ula (diminutive suffix) or -ula (instrument suffix); it is disputed whether these suffixes have the same ultimate origin. Compare speculum (“mirror”) (with similar formation, but different meaning and gender) and scopulus, from the same root, but through Ancient Greek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "speculae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "specula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculārum",
"links": [
[
"speculārum",
"specularum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculīs",
"links": [
[
"speculīs",
"speculis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speculam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculās",
"links": [
[
"speculās",
"speculas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speculā",
"links": [
[
"speculā",
"specula#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculīs",
"links": [
[
"speculīs",
"speculis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "specula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "speculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "specula<1>"
},
"expansion": "specula f (genitive speculae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "specula<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 39 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -ula (instrument)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -ulus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "speculor"
}
],
"glosses": [
"watchtower, lookout"
],
"id": "en-specula-la-noun-tkYpihxH",
"links": [
[
"watchtower",
"watchtower"
],
[
"lookout",
"lookout"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspɛ.kʊ.ɫa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈspɛː.ku.la]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ancient Greek"
],
"word": "specula"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "spēs",
"4": "-culus<alt:-cula",
"id": "hope",
"text": "*",
"title": "spēcula",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *speh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *spéh₁s\nProto-Italic *spēs\nLatin spēs\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nProto-Italic *-kelos\nLatin -culus\nLatin spēcula\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*spēs\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spēs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-elós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-kelos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-culus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spēcula\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"hope\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"spēcula\" id=\"Latin:_hope\">\nFrom spēs + -culus.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *speh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *spéh₁s\nProto-Italic *spēs\nLatin spēs\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nProto-Italic *-kelos\nLatin -culus\nLatin spēcula\nFrom spēs + -culus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spēcula",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculae",
"links": [
[
"spēculae",
"speculae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spēcula",
"links": [
[
"spēcula",
"specula#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculae",
"links": [
[
"spēculae",
"speculae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculae",
"links": [
[
"spēculae",
"speculae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculārum",
"links": [
[
"spēculārum",
"specularum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculae",
"links": [
[
"spēculae",
"speculae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculīs",
"links": [
[
"spēculīs",
"speculis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculam",
"links": [
[
"spēculam",
"speculam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculās",
"links": [
[
"spēculās",
"speculas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculā",
"links": [
[
"spēculā",
"specula#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculīs",
"links": [
[
"spēculīs",
"speculis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēcula",
"links": [
[
"spēcula",
"specula#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculae",
"links": [
[
"spēculae",
"speculae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spēcula<1>"
},
"expansion": "spēcula f (genitive spēculae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spēcula<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 39 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -culus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"slight hope"
],
"id": "en-specula-la-noun-T9~n7em0",
"links": [
[
"slight",
"slight"
],
[
"hope",
"hope"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspeː.kʊ.ɫa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈspɛː.ku.la]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "specula"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "non-lemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "specula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 39 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "speculum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative plural of speculum"
],
"id": "en-specula-la-noun-6-GbgoM1",
"links": [
[
"speculum",
"speculum#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "specula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "spéculer"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French spéculer",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "speculari"
},
"expansion": "Latin speculari",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French spéculer, Latin speculari.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a specula 1st conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "speculează",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a-ez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a specula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "speculând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "speculat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "speculez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "speculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "specula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "specularăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "specularăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speculaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să speculez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să speculezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să speculeze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să speculăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să speculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să speculeze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu specula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu speculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "speculează",
"2": "speculat"
},
"expansion": "a specula (third-person singular present speculează, past participle speculat) 1st conjugation",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-conj-a-ez"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian verbs with subjunctive not given",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "speculare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to speculate"
],
"id": "en-specula-ro-verb-2juu2XXB",
"links": [
[
"speculate",
"speculate"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "speculație"
}
]
}
],
"word": "specula"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "specula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"English plurals in -a with singular in -um",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛkjʊlə",
"Rhymes:English/ɛkjʊlə/3 syllables"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "speculum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of speculum"
],
"links": [
[
"speculum",
"speculum#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ɛkjʊlə"
}
],
"word": "specula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "specula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "speculare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of speculare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"speculare",
"speculare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "speculare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of speculare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"speculare",
"speculare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "specula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Old Latin",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *speḱ-",
"Latin terms inherited from Old Latin",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms suffixed with -ula (instrument)",
"Latin terms suffixed with -ulus",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "speculor"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":from",
"3": "itc-ola:speciō",
"id": "watchtower",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *speḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *spéḱyeti\nProto-Italic *spekjō\nOld Latin speciō\nLatin specula\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*spekjō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"speciō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"specula\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"watchtower\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"specula\" id=\"Latin:_watchtower\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-ola:speciō",
"3": "-ulus<alt:-ula><pos:diminutive suffix>"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin speciō + -ula (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ula<id:instrument><pos:instrument suffix>"
},
"expansion": "-ula (instrument suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *speḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *spéḱyeti\nProto-Italic *spekjō\nOld Latin speciō\nLatin specula\nFrom Old Latin speciō + -ula (diminutive suffix) or -ula (instrument suffix); it is disputed whether these suffixes have the same ultimate origin. Compare speculum (“mirror”) (with similar formation, but different meaning and gender) and scopulus, from the same root, but through Ancient Greek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "speculae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "specula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculārum",
"links": [
[
"speculārum",
"specularum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculīs",
"links": [
[
"speculīs",
"speculis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speculam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculās",
"links": [
[
"speculās",
"speculas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speculā",
"links": [
[
"speculā",
"specula#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculīs",
"links": [
[
"speculīs",
"speculis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "specula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "speculae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "specula<1>"
},
"expansion": "specula f (genitive speculae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "specula<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"watchtower, lookout"
],
"links": [
[
"watchtower",
"watchtower"
],
[
"lookout",
"lookout"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspɛ.kʊ.ɫa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈspɛː.ku.la]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ancient Greek"
],
"word": "specula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *speh₁-",
"Latin terms suffixed with -culus",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "spēs",
"4": "-culus<alt:-cula",
"id": "hope",
"text": "*",
"title": "spēcula",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *speh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *spéh₁s\nProto-Italic *spēs\nLatin spēs\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nProto-Italic *-kelos\nLatin -culus\nLatin spēcula\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*spēs\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spēs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-elós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-kelos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-culus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spēcula\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"hope\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"spēcula\" id=\"Latin:_hope\">\nFrom spēs + -culus.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *speh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *spéh₁s\nProto-Italic *spēs\nLatin spēs\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nProto-Italic *-kelos\nLatin -culus\nLatin spēcula\nFrom spēs + -culus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spēcula",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculae",
"links": [
[
"spēculae",
"speculae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spēcula",
"links": [
[
"spēcula",
"specula#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculae",
"links": [
[
"spēculae",
"speculae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculae",
"links": [
[
"spēculae",
"speculae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculārum",
"links": [
[
"spēculārum",
"specularum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculae",
"links": [
[
"spēculae",
"speculae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculīs",
"links": [
[
"spēculīs",
"speculis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculam",
"links": [
[
"spēculam",
"speculam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculās",
"links": [
[
"spēculās",
"speculas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculā",
"links": [
[
"spēculā",
"specula#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculīs",
"links": [
[
"spēculīs",
"speculis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēcula",
"links": [
[
"spēcula",
"specula#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spēculae",
"links": [
[
"spēculae",
"speculae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spēcula<1>"
},
"expansion": "spēcula f (genitive spēculae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spēcula<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"slight hope"
],
"links": [
[
"slight",
"slight"
],
[
"hope",
"hope"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈspeː.kʊ.ɫa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈspɛː.ku.la]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "specula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "non-lemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "specula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "speculum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative plural of speculum"
],
"links": [
[
"speculum",
"speculum#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "specula"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "speculare"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "spéculer"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French spéculer",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "speculari"
},
"expansion": "Latin speculari",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French spéculer, Latin speculari.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a specula 1st conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "speculează",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a-ez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a specula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "speculând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "speculat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "speculez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "speculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "specula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "specularăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "specularăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "speculaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să speculez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să speculezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să speculeze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să speculăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să speculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să speculeze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "speculează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "speculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu specula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu speculați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "speculează",
"2": "speculat"
},
"expansion": "a specula (third-person singular present speculează, past participle speculat) 1st conjugation",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-conj-a-ez"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "speculație"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian verbs",
"Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation",
"Romanian verbs with subjunctive not given"
],
"glosses": [
"to speculate"
],
"links": [
[
"speculate",
"speculate"
]
]
}
],
"word": "specula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for specula meaning in All languages combined (17.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.